# (77) Jensen Huang says the AI doomers have it wrong - YouTube
- Transcript ID: `fr1iqspixmm`
- Source tier: `youtube_creator`
- Original language: `en_or_source_language_unlabeled`
- Translation status: `agent_translated_reviewed` (167/167 chunks)
- Original source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fr1IQspixmM
- Raw evidence: `data/transcripts/youtube/fr1IQspixmM.json`
> 中文是派生翻译，英文是留存的源文本。中文未复核时，以英文和原始音视频为准。
## 00:00:00
**中文**
我是迈克·艾伦，今天在得克萨斯州沃思堡采访英伟达联合创始人兼首席执行官黄仁勋。英伟达是全球市值最高的公司，我们要谈谈 AI 革命的下一步。感谢你接受 Axios《幕后》采访。
**English / Original**
I'm Mike Allen with Behind the Curtain today from Fort Worth, Texas, where we're talking to Jensen Huang, CEO of NVIDIA, the most valuable company in the world about what's next for the AI revolution. Jensen Huang, co-founder and CEO from day zero of NVIDIA, the most valuable company in the world. Thanks for sitting down with Axios Behind the Curtain.
## 00:00:25
**中文**
很高兴参加，迈克，很高兴见到你。Axios 总是从新闻开始。《金融时报》称，中国监管机构正考虑收紧对 AI 模型和半导体的出口管制，防止它们流向西方。你认为会发生吗？对美国的总体影响会是什么？
**English / Original**
I'm delighted to do it, Mike. Great to see you. Axios always starts with the news. The Financial Times says Chinese regulators are looking at export controls, tightening their controls on AI models and semi-conductors to keep them away from the West. Do you think that will happen and what would the net effect on the US be?
## 00:00:46
**中文**
我希望不会。中国市场和中国工业创造了非常优秀的 AI 模型和技术。我以前说过，世界上一半的 AI 研究人员是中国人，许多人仍在中国，他们产出了突破性的 AI 研究。美国也是如此，世界许多地方也是如此。
**English / Original**
I hope not. The Chinese market, the Chinese. industry creates some really great AI models and AI technology. I've said before that half of the world's AI researchers are Chinese. Many of them still live in China, and they produce some really groundbreaking research in AI. And the United States does, too, and many places around the world does.
## 00:01:10
**中文**
我们要确保大家能尽可能广泛、迅速地分享想法，以安全且有利于社会的方式推进这项非凡技术。所以我希望他们继续保持开放。你几个月前刚去过中国。你觉得他们会吗？可能性多大？
**English / Original**
And and we want to make sure that we can all share ideas as broadly as quickly as possible so that we can advance this incredible technology in a way that's beneficial to society, safely, so on. And so I hope, I hope that they continue to keep it open. You were just in China a couple of months ago. Do you think they will? What's the likelihood?
## 00:01:32
**中文**
我不知道，我不知道。我不知道那条新闻的来源。当然，双方都在讨论各种监管和出口管制。一旦一方决定实施出口管制，所有人都会开始考虑出口管制。我认为我们都必须降温，让技术继续发展。美国公司非常有能力。
**English / Original**
I don't know, I don't know. I don't know the source of that news. And there's of course all kinds of regulation being discussed. And export control is being discussed on both sides of the ocean. And, and, you know, once one side decides to exercise export controls, everybody decides to think about export controls. I think we all have to de-escalate and let the technology advance. And, you know, the companies in the United States are very, very capable.
## 00:02:04
**中文**
我们能行动得非常快。我完全相信美国会继续领先；只要得到政府的支持和鼓励，我们就能继续做到。反过来，政府应否禁止或限制 Kimi 或其他中国模型？我希望不会，我也确实不这么认为。
**English / Original**
We're able to move very quickly. I have every confidence that United States will continue to lead. And so long as as long as we have the support and the encouragement of governments, we should be able to continue to do so. Flip side. Should the government ban or restrict Kimi or other Chinese models? I hope not, and I really don't think so.
## 00:02:25
**中文**
美国和世界都需要开放与闭源模型。我们应尽可能使用闭源模型，因为它们非常出色、效果极佳。Anthropic 和 OpenAI 都是极好的服务，我们应尽可能使用闭源模型，尽可能租用一切服务。不过，行业仍需要开放模型，科学研究也需要开放模型。
**English / Original**
The United States, the world needs open and closed models. We should use closed models because they're great to use. They work incredibly well. Anthropic and OpenAI. These are incredibly great services. We should use closed models as much as we can, rent everything we can. However, the industry still needs open models, science use needs open model.
## 00:02:50
**中文**
网络安全需要开放模型，因为这更安全；这对网络安全、国家安全和经济安全都很重要。企业需要能控制部分知识产权和数据，以受控方式推进 AI 模型。开放透明让整个社区都能审查和测试、以最好的方式加固系统，这最有利于网络安全。
**English / Original**
Cybersecurity needs open model because it's safe. It's important for cybersecurity, important for national security. It's important for economic security. And so companies need to be able to control some of the IP and some of the data that they have so that they could advance the AI models in a controlled way. Cybersecurity with the benefit of transparency, the ability for the entire community to inspect and test to make sure that we harden it in the best possible way – it's best for cybersecurity.
## 00:03:21
**中文**
无论涉及多少行业，开放模型都是今天科学和计算机科学进步的基础。我真心希望我们保持开放。《华尔街日报》头版有个简单问题：美国公司应否获准使用中国 AI 模型？
**English / Original**
And so depending of irrespective of how many industries, open models is foundational to the advance of science and the advancement of computer science today, I really do hope that we keep it open. Simple question on the front page of the Wall Street Journal: Should American companies be allowed to use Chinese AI models?
## 00:03:41
**中文**
当然，当然。有人误以为这些模型里存在某种与中国相连的后门。你下载模型后，可以微调、增强，并按需要设置护栏。这些模型不是孤立运行的，而是在所谓的“框架”中运行。
**English / Original**
Absolutely. Absolutely. There's a there's a misconception that somehow there are back doors that is somehow connected to China in some way. You download the models, you could you could finetune it, you can enhance it, you can guardrail it as you desire. And so these models don't just operate. They operate within what is called a harness.
## 00:04:05
**中文**
这个框架又处在本质上可称为沙盒的环境中。沙盒是安全的，能够容纳隐私、安全、访问控制等全部能力。因此我认为这些模型能力很强、质量出色，能推动整个行业前进。
**English / Original**
And that harness sits within what is called essentially a sandbox. These sandboxes are secure. These sandboxes keeps, you know, keeps privacy and security and access control and and so all of that capabilities put into the sandbox. So I think the these models are are capable models, excellent models, advances the whole industry and advance.
## 00:04:33
**中文**
我们希望 AI 尽快扩散到市场，而开放模型能做到这一点。政府干预有时会是好事吗？当然，许多行业都需要监管，但应监管应用。监管技术时必须谨慎；原始技术本身具有双重用途。
**English / Original**
And we want AI to diffuse into the market as quickly as possible. And so open models allows for that. Can intervention by the government ever be a good thing? Of course, regulation is a good thing in many different industries, and you want to regulate applications. You have to be mindful to regulate technology. The raw technology itself is dual use.
## 00:04:54
**中文**
我们要确保监管的是它如何被使用。也许应监管服务本身，也许应监管它在医疗或交通中的使用。AI 在自动驾驶汽车中的使用应受监管。因此，AI 的各种应用都应受到监管。
**English / Original**
And so we want to make sure that you regulate how it's used. Maybe you want to you want to regulate the service itself. Maybe you'll regulate how it's used in medicine, how it's used in transportation. You should regulate how AI is used in autonomous vehicles. And so all these different applications of AI should be regulated.
## 00:05:13
**中文**
但是技术本身应尽可能快地进步。你说过中国是 AI 领域的对手。美国面对 AI 对手时，交往规则该是什么？首先要认识到 AI 具有双重用途；我们希望尽快推进它，因为技术越先进就越安全。
**English / Original**
However, the technology itself ought to be able to advance as quickly as possible. Now you've said China is an adversary in AI. What should the rules of engagement be for the US with an AI adversary? Well, the first thing is to recognize that AI has dual use, and we want to advance it as quickly as possible because the technology, when it's advanced is more safe.
## 00:05:36
**中文**
它也越可靠，因为运行得更好。不过，我们要确保所有国家的研究人员都能在可能时对话、合作，以安全地推进技术。我认为开放对话非常重要，应该成为基础。你的股价部分取决于对华销售。
**English / Original**
It's more secure because it works better. However, we want to make sure that the the researchers in all of these, in all the countries are able to, to dialog, cooperate whenever possible so that we can advance the technology safely. I think an open dialogue is really important, and that should be foundational. Your stock price depends partly on sales to China.
## 00:06:02
**中文**
为什么我们该相信你对中国和市场所说的话？先说一个事实：我们目前在中国的销售额大约为零。我已告诉所有投资者，不要预期有任何中国销售。如果美国已发放许可，而中国政府和市场也希望我们回去，能够支持客户和市场将是莫大的荣幸。
**English / Original**
Why should we trust what you say about China and the market? Well, we should start with the fact that our China sales is approximately zero today. And and I've told all of our investors not to expect any China sales. If, if both the United States and, and United States has already already licensed it, if the Chinese government and the Chinese market would like us to return, it would be it would be a great, great honor to be able to support the customers and the market.
## 00:06:32
**中文**
这对业务有利，而且非常有利。但在那之前，我会假定销售额为零。说到 Kimi 政策：这个强大的中国模型确实震动了股市。微软正在使用和测试 Kimi。《The Information》称，中国模型甚至可能替代微软对 OpenAI、Anthropic 的部分使用。
**English / Original**
And good for business. And great for business. But until then, I would just assume that the sales is zero. That's Kimi policy. Now Kimi the very powerful Chinese model that really rattled the stock market. Microsoft is using and testing Kimi. The information says Chinese models may even replace some of Microsoft's use of OpenAI, Anthropic.
## 00:06:54
**中文**
那么中国竞争来势汹汹。美国 AI 公司该怎么做？这些中国模型很优秀，优秀的开放、开源模型就应被使用。市场第一次误解了 DeepSeek 的影响，这次又误解了 Kimi 的影响。首先，优秀的开放 AI 模型对整个行业都有益。
**English / Original**
And so this Chinese competition is coming fast and furious. What should US AI companies do? These Chinese models are excellent. Open, open source models that are excellent should be used. And so the market’s misunderstood the impact of DeepSeek the first time. It's misunderstood. Another Chinese model. Yeah it's misunderstood the impact of Kimi again this time. I think first of all with great AI open models, it's great for the whole industry.
## 00:07:25
**中文**
显然，只要有更多优秀 AI，即便是开放的、无论来自哪里，使用量都会增加。使用量增加，就得卖出更多英伟达计算机，建设更多数据中心，提供更多服务。技术会扩散到更多行业。起点就是：好模型带来广泛使用，进而带来强劲增长。
**English / Original**
Obviously when there's more, If there's great AI, even if it's open, wherever it comes from, there will be more use. Whenever there's more use, you'll have to sell a lot more Nvidia computers. We'll have to build more data centers, we’ll have more services. The technology will diffuse into more industries. And so starting point is great models lead to great use, which leads to great growth.
## 00:07:49
**中文**
这就是 DeepSeek 已经发生的事，也会发生在 Kimi 身上。还有人误以为开放模型会与闭源模型对立，这同样错了。因为最可能升级到 Anthropic、OpenAI 等优秀模型的人，正是已经在用 AI、希望用得更方便的人；他们或许也希望获得这些服务附带的更多功能。
**English / Original**
And so that's just the starting point that happened with DeepSeek. It's going to happen with Kimi. There's also a misunderstanding that open models could be adversarial to the closed models. And that's also got it wrong. And the reason for that is because the the most likely person to upgrade to a great model like Anthropic and OpenAI is someone who already uses AI, and they would like to have it more conveniently, maybe they'd like to have more services come along with with Anthropic and OpenAI.
## 00:08:23
**中文**
也许模型本身会好得多，我预计会如此。我们要做的是让 AI 技术尽快融入行业，让尽可能多的人尽快使用。开放模型、极低成本模型，是尝试 AI 的容易入口。
**English / Original**
Maybe. Maybe the models are just so much better, which I expect it to be. And so I think that the thing that we want to do is make sure that we have AI technology to fuse into the industries as quickly as possible, have as many people use it as quickly as possible. And so open models, extremely cheap models, easy on ramps to try AI.
## 00:08:47
**中文**
这正是我们现在最该做的。英伟达有自己的开源模型 Nemotron。你刚才说它处在前沿、但不是最前沿；它会成为美国主导的开源模型吗？我们打造它，是为了让因主权、监管、隐私、特定领域或知识产权等原因而想构建自身 AI 的企业和行业使用。
**English / Original**
That's the best thing we could. Do now in NVIDIA has its own open source model, Nemotron. When we were making up, you were telling me it's at the frontier, not the frontier. Will it become the dominant US open-source model? We built it so that companies and industries who for sovereignty reasons, regulatory reasons, privacy reasons, very specific domain, intellectual properties reasons would like to build their own AI.
## 00:09:17
**中文**
我建议所有客户尽可能使用 OpenAI、Anthropic，以及开放和闭源模型与服务，因为方便、效果极好，我自己也在用。我用 Perplexity、Anthropic 和 OpenAI，大家应尽可能使用这些服务。只有非得如此时才自己造 AI。但许多公司——金融服务、网络安全公司及我们这样的公司——确实必须构建自己的 AI。
**English / Original**
I advise all of my customers to use OpenAI and Anthropic, and use open, close models and services as much as they can because it's easy, it works incredibly well, and I use it. I use Perplexity and Anthropic and OpenAI and and use these services as much as you can. You only build your own AI if you must. And it turns out a lot of companies, whether it's financial services or cybersecurity companies, companies like ourselves, we must build our own AI.
## 00:09:47
**中文**
Nemotron 就是为这类公司打造的。我们不必成为最前沿，我们必须处在前沿。你们多快能挤走或在最前沿与巨头竞争？那不是我们的目标。我们的目标只是：如果你需要构建自己的定制模型和定制 AI，我们能帮助你做到。配上合适的框架，例如 OpenClaw、Hermes 或 Cloud Code——它们都是围绕 Opus AI 模型的框架。
**English / Original**
And so Nemotron is built for companies who need to do that. We don't have to be the frontier. We have to be at the frontier. And how quickly could you push out the big boys or compete with the big boys at the frontier? That's not our goal, you know, our goal is our goal is is simply if you need to build your own custom models and custom AI, we could be of service to you to help you do that. With the right harness, these harnesses are for example, Open Claw or Hermes or Cloud Code for example, is a harness around the Opus AI models.
## 00:10:24
**中文**
大语言模型是大脑，而框架把它变成智能体，变成能思考、能工作的智能体，帮你完成事情。有了合适框架，英伟达 Nemotron 非常出色；你可让它适应并定制为特定技能，在世界范围内也能达到一流水平。
**English / Original**
And so the large language model is the brain. The harness, if you will, turns it into an agent and into a thinking working agent that can help you do things. And so with the right harness, Nvidia's Nemotron is extraordinarily good, and you could adapt it, customize it for the certain skills that you have in mind, and it can be completely world-class.
## 00:10:45
**中文**
如果开源模型——不只是中国模型——能以更低成本产出 token，也就是智能，对专有实验室的经济性意味着什么？太棒了，真的。世界需要的是更多需要 AI 的人；而人们需要 AI 的唯一方式，是试过以后发现自己想要更好的版本。
**English / Original**
What are the economics for the proprietary labs? If open source models, not just Chinese ones, can produce tokens, the intelligence, cheaper? Fantastic. Really, really. what the what the world needs is more people who needs AI. And the only way that you need AI is because you tried it and you realize you want better ones.
## 00:11:07
**中文**
这些免费服务和自建 AI 并不适合所有人。但一旦试过，你会发现它很笨拙、工作量很大。所以你是说，若我是 OpenAI 或 Anthropic，不应害怕开放模型？完全不该。我认为他们最需要的是让全世界意识到自己需要 AI。
**English / Original**
And these free services and build it yourself AIs is not for everybody, you know. However, once you tried it once and you realize it's so clumsy, it's so much work. So you're saying if I'm OpenAI or Anthropic, I should not be afraid of open model? Not at all. Not at all. I think that that what we need, what they need more than anything, is just for the whole world to realize they need AI.
## 00:11:30
**中文**
人们想要更好的 AI，是因为试用今天的 AI 后会意识到：若有人替我提供服务就好了。这和云服务、搜索、云端数据库没区别。我们可以自己运行搜索，但那多麻烦啊。
**English / Original**
And the way that people want to have better AI is they tried AI today, and they just realize it would be nice for somebody else to help me service. It's no different than cloud services. It's no different than search. It's no different than databases in the cloud. You know that we could run our own search, but what a hassle is it?
## 00:11:48
**中文**
我们事实上也能自己造计算机，为什么不直接用云呢？许多事自己做或许更省钱，但使用 Anthropic 和 OpenAI 的服务实际上更方便。我还会说，对许多人和企业而言，即便模型免费，自己运营的成本仍可能更高。
**English / Original**
We can in fact build our own computers. Why don't we just use it in the cloud? There are a lot of things we could do that's more cost effective, but it's in fact more convenient to use it when it's in Anthropic and OpenAI. I would also argue that for a lot of people and for a lot of companies, even if the model is free, it'll still cost you more to operate it yourself.
## 00:12:12
**中文**
不如让别人替你做。因此无论从可及性还是其他角度看，都会更好。不管你如何看待这些闭源模型，我认为它们未来多年都会蓬勃发展。你如何看待开源和专有模型相互竞争的未来？
**English / Original**
You might as well have somebody else do it for you. And so I think whether it's whether it's just more accessible, it's going to be better. You know, however you think about these closed models, I think they're going to be thriving for years to come. What's your vision for the future with open source and proprietary models competing with each other?
## 00:12:32
**中文**
世界将同时拥有闭源和开放模型。我们应尽可能频繁地使用闭源模型；若确有必要，则定制、使用开放模型来构建个人化的定制 AI。当然，世界很大，许多国家和公司必须构建自己的智能。
**English / Original**
The world is going to have closed and open models. We should use closed models as often as we can, and we should customize and use open models to build our own personal, our own customized AI, if we must. And now, of course, the world is large, and for many countries and companies, they must build their own intelligence.
## 00:12:54
**中文**
他们不能把基础智能外包给第三方。因此能用云服务时，应尽量采用并租用智能；但不能把自己的智能外包，应该构建自己的定制 AI。Palantir 的 CEO 因访谈走红，他警告不要把自己的优势和知识产权交给前沿实验室。你的处境很独特。
**English / Original**
They can't outsource their fundamental intelligence to a third party. And so I think you should you should apply and adopt and rent intelligence from cloud services wherever you can. However, you can't outsource your own intelligence. You should build your own custom AI. The Palantir CEO went viral for his interview, warning about giving up your alpha, your intellectual property to the frontier labs. You're in a unique position.
## 00:13:23
**中文**
你既使用前沿实验室，也向它们供货。你用它们进行芯片设计，而它们又是你最重要的客户。你会担心把自己的优势和知识产权交给一种可能利用它进行自身优化芯片设计的 AI 吗？没有人应把自己的优势或智能外包。
**English / Original**
You both use the frontier labs and you supply them. You use them for your own chip design, to your most important customers. Do you worry about giving away your alpha, your IP, to an AI that may be using it to do their own optimized chip design? Nobody should outsource their alpha. Nobody should outsource their intelligence.
## 00:13:48
**中文**
任何国家都不该这样。我们应始终在可能时进口、租用服务。不过，怎样保护它？最脆弱的地方在哪里？在那些领域专属、专有、可能涉及主权、秘密或监管的领域，我必须自己做；公司或国家必须亲自做。
**English / Original**
No country should. We should always import and rent services wherever we can. However. How do you protect it and where are you most vulnerable? Well, in the areas that are, that are domain specific, proprietary, maybe sovereign, maybe secret, maybe regulated, I need to do it myself. A company or a country need to do it themselves.
## 00:14:13
**中文**
但我们做的很多事情与此无关，例如自动化营销或自动化法务部门。这些遍布公司的用例，本质上是提高核心公司的生产力，并非该公司的特定领域或知识产权。
**English / Original**
However, there's a whole lot of things that we do that are not related to that. Maybe it's related to automating marketing, or maybe it's really automating our legal department. And in all of those different many use cases around the company, it's really about enhancing the productivity of the core company itself. It's not specific domain or intellectual property to the company.
## 00:14:40
**中文**
在这些情形下，我会尽可能外包。非常感谢收看《幕后》。我们短暂休息，听听赞助商埃森哲的内容。今天我对我们的再造故事非常兴奋，它实际上酝酿了 160 年。他们的创新，是努力让公司顺应未来趋势。
**English / Original**
In those cases, I would outsource as much as we can. Thank you so much for watching Behind The Curtain. We'll take a quick break to hear from our sponsor, Accenture. I'm very excited about our reinvention story today, which is literally 160 years in the making. Their invention was trying to bring a company into the trends of the future.
## 00:15:07
**中文**
你亲眼见过 AI 做出的最可怕或最令人敬畏的事是什么，让你觉得“天哪，我不敢相信这正在发生”？我预计它能完成我们几乎所有能做的任务。想象 AI 生成照片级真实、栩栩如生的视频，并不算遥不可及。
**English / Original**
What's the scariest or most awe-inspiring thing that you personally have seen AI do? Where you said, shit, I can't believe this is happening? Well, I expect it to do almost everything that tasks that we can do. You know, it's not, it wasn't it wasn't a far reach to imagine that AI can generate videos that are photorealistic and so lifelike.
## 00:15:35
**中文**
AI 生成文本、并据此推理、进而本质上编写代码，也不超出想象。因此 AI 正在做的事，与我预期它能做的事相当一致：驾驶汽车、移动和操作物体、拾取物品，并基本上自主制造这些计算机。
**English / Original**
It isn't so beyond imagination that AI can generate text, and from that it can reason. From that, it can essentially write code. And and so the things that the things that AI is doing is fairly consistent with what I expect it to be able to do. That it could drive cars, that it could move around and manipulate things, pick up things, and essentially manufacture these computers autonomously.
## 00:16:04
**中文**
这些能力我大多都想象过。市场、行业和社会需要认识到：当我们自动化这些任务时，世界所需的工作岗位实际上在增加。这对我来说很合理。人们说 AI 会消灭工作、让我们完全不必工作，事实恰恰相反。
**English / Original**
And all of those capabilities I've, I've largely imagined, I think the part that the, the market, the industry, society needs to realize is that while we're automating all of these different tasks, it's actually increasing the amount of jobs that the world needs. And it's very sensible to me. You know, while people have said that AI is going to eliminate jobs, that is going to make it so that we don't have to work at all, it's exactly the opposite.
## 00:16:35
**中文**
原因是这样的。先给你证据：我了解到，全球放射科医生人数显著增加了约 20%。原因是 AI 已将影像扫描的研读完全自动化，结果他们能接诊更多病人。
**English / Original**
And the reason for that is, and I'll just first of all, give you the evidence, the number of radiologists in the world is increasing substantially, some 20%, I understand. And the reason for that is because the studying of the radiology scans has become completely automated by AI, but as a result, they could see a lot more patients.
## 00:16:55
**中文**
由于需要照护的人太多，如今医院能接收的病人大幅增加，因而需要更多放射科医生。法务助理也是如此，人数显然增加了约 10%。他们使用 AI 后，能处理的案件数量增加了。
**English / Original**
And because there are so many people who needs care, the number of patients they can now bring to the hospitals has increased dramatically, which results in having, needing more radiologists. This is the same with paralegals. Apparently the number of paralegals is increased by some 10%. And the reason for that is while they're using AI, the number of cases they could see has increased.
## 00:17:16
**中文**
积压案件非常多，因此现在需要更多放射科医生和法务助理来服务各类客户。这到处都在发生。过去几年制造业就业增长约 50%，因为这些计算机必须进入产生 token、产生智能的 AI 数据中心；需求如此巨大，制造业岗位便增加了。
**English / Original**
And there's just so many cases backlogged that now they need a lot more radiologists, a lot more paralegals to be able to see all these different clients. This is happening all over. The number of manufacturing jobs has increased some 50% in the last several years, because these computers have to go into these AI data centers, which generate the tokens, the intelligence, and the, because that is in such great demand, the number of manufacturing jobs has gone up.
## 00:17:44
**中文**
因此从整个行业看，AI 正在各处创造工作。再问一个让你惊叹的问题：我们知道 Anthropic 的 Mythos 能攻入银行或情报机构。什么令你意外，或什么即将到来会让你犹豫？令我惊讶的是，人们竟对此感到惊讶。
**English / Original**
And so when you think about AI across the whole industry, jobs are being created everywhere. So one more on what blew your hair back. We know that Anthropic’s Mythos can break into a bank or can break into an intelligence agency. What has surprised you or what's coming that gives you pause? Well it's surprises, it surprised me that people were surprised.
## 00:18:07
**中文**
智能体能写代码，是因为它能理解和调试软件；既然能调试软件，就能发现软件漏洞。因此网络安全和找 bug 并不矛盾。AI 能生成并调试软件，说明它也可用于网络安全。
**English / Original**
The fact that an agent can generate code is because it can understand software, it could debug software, and if it can debug software, it could find vulnerabilities in software. And so cybersecurity and finding bugs is not is not a, you know, it's not an inconsistent idea. And so the fact that AI can generate and debug software suggests it could also be used for cybersecurity.
## 00:18:31
**中文**
反面也同样成立。我们必须确保世界各地的网络安全专家都能掌握开放模型。开放模型增强网络安全和安全性，因为我们需要大规模分布式、彼此多样化的防御。应把开放模型交给全球网络安全专家，使他们能自我防御、寻找漏洞。
**English / Original**
The flip side of it is equally true. We need to make sure that open models are in hand, in the hands of cybersecurity experts around the world. So open models is enhances cybersecurity, open models enhances safety. And the reason for that is because we want massively distributed, self diverse defense. We want to put open models in the hands of cybersecurity experts all over the world, so that they could defend themselves so that they could look for vulnerability.
## 00:19:00
**中文**
他们能在社区之间分享想法。如果一切都变成单一模型、单一攻击点、单一失效来源，世界会脆弱得多。因此，认为必须封闭模型才能更安全的想法完全错了；我们必须开放模型，让世界具备自主网络安全防御。
**English / Original**
They could share ideas among communities. If everything just becomes one single model, one single point of attack, one single source of failure, I think the the world is much, much more vulnerable. And so the thinking that somehow we have to close models so that the world could be more safe is exactly the opposite. We have to open the models so that the world can have self cybersecurity defense.
## 00:19:26
**中文**
33 年前，你 30 岁时创办英伟达，当时它是把 3D 图形带入电子游戏的公司。你从第一天起就是 CEO，如今拥有全球市值最高的公司。原来用于游戏显卡的同一技术也用于 AI 芯片。三年前你们市值 1 万亿美元。
**English / Original**
It age 30, 33 years ago you started Nvidia, which then was a company to bring 3D graphics to video gaming. You've been CEO since day one. You now have the world's most valuable company. It turned out the same technology that could be used in video game cards is used in AI chips. You were worth $1 trillion three years ago.
## 00:19:49
**中文**
现在英伟达市值是五倍，即 5 万亿美元。这样的成功故事还能再出现吗，还是你是独角兽中的独角兽？在美国一切皆有可能，这就是它被称为“美国梦”的原因。只要肯努力、愿冒险、愿做独特的事，周遭环境、条件、支持、人们和才智都会让它成为可能。
**English / Original**
Now, Nvidia’s worth five x that $5 trillion, could a success story like that ever be done again? Or are you a unicorn’s unicorn? Anything's possible in the United States. You know, there's a reason why it's called the American Dream. If you're willing to work hard, if you're willing, if you want to take chances and go do something, something unique, the environment, the conditions, the support, the people, the brilliance that's all around us makes it possible.
## 00:20:24
**中文**
我认为这里是梦想之地，几乎一切皆有可能。是的，让它更有可能。我总对侄子侄女说，巨大的财富将在一台笔记本电脑上创造出来。这完全是真的。如今新创公司的数量增长得异常快。
**English / Original**
And I think this is this is the land of dreams. This is almost anything’s possible. Yeah. May make it more possible. Like I always tell my nieces and nephews, like great fortunes are going to be created on a laptop. All completely true. The number of startups that are being created today is growing extraordinarily fast.
## 00:20:41
**中文**
过去六个月，仅在美国就有 3000 亿美元投入风险投资和初创企业。这些资金都在创造新工作和新公司，令人难以置信。如今英伟达正面临近 20 年前大衰退以来最强劲的逆风：市场暴跌、中国崛起、美国政府趋于严格。你如何以工程师思维应对 CEO 这份工作？
**English / Original**
In the last six months, $300 billion has been invested into venture capital, into startups. Just here in the United States, $300 billion. All of that is creating new jobs, new companies. It's incredible. Now, Nvidia's facing the toughest headwinds since the Great Recession close to 20 years ago. You had a market rout, China rising, the US government looking to be more restrictive, bringing your engineer’s mind to the job of the CEO.
## 00:21:11
**中文**
世界每天都在变化，你必须保持警觉。但我完全相信英伟达和美国会持续繁荣。信心不是来自希望，而是来自你身边有卓越的人才；这个国家从根本上希望成功，也为企业家和创新者创造了出色工作的条件。
**English / Original**
How do you navigate all that? Well, the world is changing every day and you just got to stay alert. But I have every confidence that Nvidia and the United States are going to continue to thrive. You know, the confidence comes from not hope, but confidence comes from the fact that you're surrounded by amazing people. The country fundamentally wants to succeed, and it creates the conditions for entrepreneurs and innovators to do great work.
## 00:21:42
**中文**
我们周围有惊人的才智，有不可思议的本土市场，也具备长期成功所需的一切配方和要素。因此我一如既往地看多、一如既往地自信。美国原本据说在 AI 上领先中国六个月，容错空间不大。
**English / Original**
And we're surrounded by amazing brilliance. We have incredible local market. We have just, you know, all the recipes, all the ingredients necessary for long-term success. And and so I'm as bullish as ever, as confident as ever. The United States was supposed to be six months ahead of China in AI. Not much margin for error.
## 00:22:05
**中文**
如今科技界被能与 OpenAI 的 ChatGPT 和 Anthropic 的 Claude 媲美的中国模型震动。中国追上了吗？我认为中国是否追上并不重要。我来解释原因：首先，把它看作终点明确的竞赛，这个想法就是错的；显然我们会永远使用 AI。
**English / Original**
Now, the tech world has been rocked by Chinese models that rival OpenAI's ChatGPT and Anthropic’s Claude. Has China caught up? Whether China has or not, I don't think it matters. And let me tell you why. I think, first of all, the idea that it's a race with an endpoint, obviously we're going to continue to use AI forever.
## 00:22:28
**中文**
美国会长期存在，中国也会长期存在。我们必须认识到，中国拥有世界上数量最多的理工科学生之一。若说他们极其擅长制造什么，那就是极其擅长培养数学学生。因此，他们培养的 AI 研究人员比世界其他地区合起来还多。
**English / Original**
The United States is going to be here for a long time. China is going to be here for a long time. We have to recognize that China has some of the largest population of science and math students in the world. If they manufacture anything that's incredible, they manufacture math students incredibly. And so so they, they manufacture more AI researchers than the rest of the world combined.
## 00:22:52
**中文**
这是事实。因此中国必会在这方面极其出色，几乎是注定的。以为我们能遏制中国是考虑不周，也不会发生；他们也无法遏制美国。这是一个极具创新力的国家，我们拥有来自世界各地的聪明头脑。
**English / Original**
So it's the fact. So the fact that China is going to be extraordinary at this is a foregone conclusion. And the idea that we would hold China back is ill-conceived and it's not going to happen, nor are they going to hold United States back. You know, this is an incredibly innovative country. We have brilliant minds from all over the world.
## 00:23:14
**中文**
他们因美国梦来到这里：移民、本土出生者，什么背景都有。我们有优秀大学和优秀产业。因此我完全相信美国会继续繁荣。AI 方面最重要的是，不要把行业和社会吓得不敢使用 AI。
**English / Original**
They come here because of the American Dream. Immigrants, American-born, you name it. I mean, we have great universities. We have great industry. And so I have every confidence that United States will continue to thrive. The most important thing that we have to do with AI is not to scare our industries, not to scare our society into not using AI.
## 00:23:42
**中文**
AI 不会毁掉我们所有的工作；使用 AI 的人会取代我们的工作。所以我们必须尽快采用 AI、让它扩散到各行业。任何限制或阻止此事的做法，无论是因为吓唬人，还是整天谈 AI 末日，都是不得要领的，也无助于美国。
**English / Original**
AI is not going to destroy all of our jobs. Someone who uses AI is going to take our jobs, and so we have to make sure that we adopt AI, diffuse AI into the industries as quickly as possible. Anything we do that limits that, anything that we do that prevents that from happening, whether it's because we scare people, we talk all day about the doom, the dooms of AI, I think all of that is just ill-placed and it's not helpful to the United States.
## 00:24:13
**中文**
只要我们的行业利用 AI，我们就会做得极好。关于末日论：你的一些同行巨头是否过度警告人们可能发生的事？警告可以，但带着解决方案警告更好；编造事情则绝对不合适。
**English / Original**
And so, so long as our industries take advantage of AI, we're going to do incredibly well. On the doom, did some of your fellow moguls over index on warning people talking about what could come? I think it's fine to warn people. It's even better to warn people with a solution, and it's absolutely inappropriate to make things up.
## 00:24:34
**中文**
说这将终结人类，完全是无稽之谈；说它会毁掉一半美国工作，也完全是无稽之谈。所有事实和证据都恰恰指向相反方向。直觉和常识也会告诉你这完全错了：AI 会提高生产力，而生产力提高会创造机会。
**English / Original**
And so the fact that this is going to be the end of humanity, it’s complete nonsense. The fact that this is this is going to destroy half of the American jobs. It's complete nonsense. And all of the facts, all of the evidence point exactly to the opposite. And intuition and good wisdom would tell you that it's exactly wrong, that AI will increase productivity. When productivity is increased it creates opportunities.
## 00:25:04
**中文**
纵观历史，技术令社会生产力不断提高，创造的工作更多而非更少。若它创造的工作更少，美国就只会有十万个岗位，但事实并非如此。技术创造了新产业、新机会、新市场和新应用。
**English / Original**
Look, over the history of the arc of time, society has become more and more productive as a result of technology. It has created more jobs, not less. If it's created less jobs, you know, we’d have 100,000 jobs in United States, and it's not true. It's created new industries, new opportunities, new markets, new applications.
## 00:25:24
**中文**
这些都增加了机会与增长。AI 时代已有 15 年，早期证据已经极其清楚：AI 需要工业实力，因此创造了大量制造业岗位；它在能源、芯片、基础设施、土地、电力和厂房领域创造岗位，也创造了大量新的 AI 公司，以及利用 AI 的各行业。
**English / Original**
All of that increase the number of the amount of opportunity and growth. And so I think the early evidence, several years into it, it's now 15 years into the era of AI. The evidence is abundantly clear. We're creating a whole bunch of manufacturing jobs because AI requires industrial might. It’s created jobs in energy sector, in the chip sector, in the infrastructure sector, land, power and shell. It’s created a whole new slew of AI companies and of course, the industries that take advantage of AI.
## 00:25:59
**中文**
它们也在增长。因此 AI 正在创造各种工作。关于中国最后一个问题：你对中国实力的看法很现实。那么 OpenAI 和 Anthropic——你的两大客户——有麻烦吗？没有，一点也没有。两家公司都在蓬勃发展，会继续增长，并会上市。
**English / Original**
They're also growing. So AI is creating all kinds of jobs. Last one on China. You took a very realistic point of view about the strength that China will have. So are OpenAI and Anthropic, two of your best customers, in trouble? No. Not even a little bit. Both companies are thriving. They're going to continue to grow. They're going to go public.
## 00:26:22
**中文**
这两家公司将成为人类史上最成功的 IPO。两家仅成立几年的公司怎么可能价值 1 万亿美元？AI 被广泛扩散，免费 AI 遍及产业和社会；如果有人想选择现成、打造得极好的服务，而不是自建或自托管 AI，我认为这会非常棒。
**English / Original**
These two companies will be the most successful IPOs in human history. How is it possible that two companies that are only a few years old are worth $1 trillion? And so the idea that, you know, AI being diffused abundantly free AI being diffused all over industry, all over society, so that if someone would like to have an off-the-shelf, incredibly built service instead of making their own AI, instead of hosting their own AI to have that choice, I think it's going to be fantastic.
## 00:27:02
**中文**
AI 用得越多、使用者越多、依赖者越多，OpenAI 和 Anthropic 的机会就越大。所以不存在中国把美国公司挤出赛道的情形？不不不，零可能。美国科技业太有活力、太聪明、太创新、行动太快。世界有任何竞争，都放马过来。
**English / Original**
So I think the more AI is used, the more people use AI, the more people rely on AI, the more opportunity for OpenAI and Anthropic. So there's no scenario where China runs US companies off the road? No no no. Zero possibility. This is, the American tech industry is too vibrant, too smart, too innovative, move too fast. Whatever competition there is around the world, bring it on.
## 00:27:29
**中文**
美国已经准备好了。强大的中国模型 Kimi 推出后，投资者抛售英伟达股票，芯片股过去一个月跌了 18%。华尔街对未来 AI 建设有什么误解？免费 AI 应对硬件、芯片和数据中心都有利。
**English / Original**
The United States is ready. After Kimi, the powerful Chinese model, dropped, investors dumped Nvidia shares. Chip stocks are down 18% in the past month. What's Wall Street getting wrong about the future of the AI build out? Well, free AI should be great for hardware. Free AI should be great for chips, free AI should be great for data centers.
## 00:27:55
**中文**
我认为市场只是搞错了。他们对 DeepSeek 也搞错了；你记得 DeepSeek 出来时，我们股价跌了约 30%。这完全是同一回事。这个行业需要优秀 AI。Kimi 3、Shen、Qwen 都如此出色。
**English / Original**
So I think I think the the market just got it wrong. They got it wrong with DeepSeek. As you recall, when DeepSeek came out our stock price was down some 30%. And I think this is exactly the same thing. What this industry needs is great AI. And the fact that Kimi 3 is so extraordinary, Shen is so extraordinary, Qwen is so extraordinary.
## 00:28:20
**中文**
英伟达的 Nemotron 也如此出色。所有这些开放模型都对行业有益，包括 OpenAI 的 GPT 5.6，极其出色；Codex 很出色，Claude Code 也很出色。这些应用正做着了不起且有用的工作。有用的 AI 终于到来了。
**English / Original**
Nemotron, Nvidia's Nemotron, so extraordinary. All of these models that are open are great for the industry, including OpenAI's, you know, GPT 5.6 is incredible. And of course Codex is incredible. Claude Code is incredible. All of these applications that are doing incredible work that are useful AI, useful AI has finally now arrived.
## 00:28:46
**中文**
有用的 AI 也是能盈利的 AI。有用的东西，人们就会想用。因此这一切都是好事。闭源模型很优秀，开放模型必不可少，两者都对行业有益。有些投资者认为 AI 已到顶。你能告诉他们什么技术事实及未来方向？
**English / Original**
And useful AI is also profitable AI. When something is useful, people, you know, desire to use it. And so all of this is good. And close models are excellent. Open models are necessary and both of it's great for the industry. Some investors think that AI has peaked. What do you know about the technology that you can tell them and the forward direction?
## 00:29:11
**中文**
AI 不可能已到顶，因为 AI 向社会和行业扩散才刚开始。世界看到的是，这个新行业需要资本支出；不同于上一个资本支出极轻的软件 IT 行业，这也是软件公司毛利率如此高的原因。
**English / Original**
Well, it's impossible that AI has peaked because the diffusion of AI into society and into industry has barely begun. That what's what the world is seeing is that this new industry requires CapEx, unlike the last IT industry, which is very CapEx light software industry was very CapEx light, which is the reason why software companies have such high gross margins.
## 00:29:35
**中文**
资本支出意味着必须建造东西。没错，为了制造东西。要生产现代软件，你需要这样的计算机来生成软件。AI 编程时，正是这台机器在处理大语言模型，进行推理和思考。
**English / Original**
Capital expenditures. You have to build things. That's right. In order to. Make things. In order to produce the modern software, you need a computer like this to generate the software. And so when AI is doing the coding, it's this machine that's doing all of the processing of the large language model. It's doing the reasoning and the thinking.
## 00:29:54
**中文**
它会使用各种工具，为此必须产出 token，必须在机器中产生数学计算。因此，当屏幕上出现文字或图像，未来出现蛋白质、化学品，或机器人系统执行动作时，我们看到的智能都是这台机器生成的。
**English / Original**
It's using all kinds of tools. And to do that, tokens have to be produced. Math has to be produced in this machine. And so this machine generates the intelligence that we see on our screen when words are coming out or images are coming out, or in the future, proteins and chemicals and robotic systems are articulating a maneuver, maneuvering.
## 00:30:16
**中文**
这一切都是因为这台机器在生成背后的数学。因此，新 IT 业、新软件业，以及未来每个行业，都会比现在更依赖资本支出——不是资本密集型，而是更资本密集。今天大多数智能产业都是资本轻型的，这将改变。
**English / Original**
All of that is because this machine is generating the mathematics behind it. And so the new IT industry, the new software industry, and in the future, every single industry will be CapEx heavier, not CapEx heavy, but CapEx heavier. Most industries today, most intelligence industries today are CapEx light. That's just simply going to change.
## 00:30:40
**中文**
但你得到的是不可思议的智能、生产力和增长。制造智能带来的增长、盈利与繁荣，将绰绰有余地弥补我们今天投入的资本支出。
**English / Original**
But what you get as a result is incredible intelligence, incredible productivity, incredible growth. And so the growth and the profitability and the prosperity that's going to come as a result of intelligence being manufactured, is going to more than make up for more than make up for the CapEx that we're investing in today.
## 00:31:00
**中文**
我们正在奠定基础、建设基础设施，进行人类历史上规模最大的工业基础设施建设，为下一代建立未来产业的基础。这只是开始。你经历过的半导体业一直是繁荣与衰退交替的行业。
**English / Original**
We are laying the foundations, building the infrastructure, the largest industrial infrastructure build out in human history so that we can build a foundation of industries in the future for the next generation. And so this is just the very beginning. Semi-conductors, as you have lived, have always been a boom and bust industry.
## 00:31:21
**中文**
我们该迎来衰退了吗？不会，至少一段时间内不会。原因是这次不同：这不是需求驱动的，也不是周期性或季节性的消费需求驱动，而是工业驱动，意味着计算机的基础技术正在改变。
**English / Original**
Are we due for a bust? No, not for a while. And the reason for. This time is different. This time is different because this is not demand-driven. This time is different because it's not cyc- It's not seasonal. It's not demand-driven means seasonal, demand-driven. This is industrial-driven, meaning the fundamental technology of computers is changing.
## 00:31:43
**中文**
世界需要一整层新的基础设施。我们有能源、互联网、公路和铁路；现在还需要 AI——建立在这些之上的智能层。该层需要芯片。我相信半导体业规模可能需要扩大到现在的 5 至 10 倍。
**English / Original**
We need a whole new layer of infrastructure in the world. We have energy, we have the internet, we have roads, we have railroads. We now need AI. The intelligence layer built, this infrastructure layer built on top of all of that. And this layer needs chips. You know, I believe we probably need our semiconductor industry to be somewhere between, you know, 5 to 10 times larger than it is.
## 00:32:10
**中文**
多长时间？未来十年。因此今天规模远远不够，这就是内存、存储、光互连、封装以及台积电先进芯片都短缺的原因。一切都供不应求，因为这不是周期性的，也不是消费者需求。
**English / Original**
Over what period of time? Over the course of the next ten years. And so it is way too small today for and which is the reason why memory is such shortage. And, you know, storage is such shortage and optical interconnects are short and packaging is short. And of course TSMC's boundaries chips are short. And so everything is in such short supply because it's not a cyclical nature, it's not demand from consumers.
## 00:32:38
**中文**
并非那类原因，而是基础设施层面的根本需求。因此整个行业都短缺，我认为我们需要把整个行业再扩大数倍。你的客户为支付你的产品而出售数千亿美元债务。狂欢何时停止？你的财务团队何时会开始担心这些交易？
**English / Original**
It's not because of anything like that. It's fundamental infrastructure-related. And so the whole industry is short it I think we need to build up the whole industry several more times. Your customers are selling hundreds of billions of dollars in debt to pay for your products. When does the party stop? When does your finance team start to worry about these deals?
## 00:33:00
**中文**
我们不担心这些交易，原因有几个。第一，这些公司都极其出色，并产生大量现金。它们同时看到的是计算方式的根本变化，即计算平台转移。过去计算机处理的内容都是预先录制、预先写好的。
**English / Original**
We're not worried about these deals because of several factors. One: these companies are extraordinary companies and they generate a lot of cash. What they're all doing, what they all see simultaneously, is that there's a fundamental change in how computing is done. It's a compute platform shift. And so whereas computers used to be all content that was prerecorded, we wrote it in advance.
## 00:33:27
**中文**
我们预先录下内容、预先拍照、预先写故事。未来，这些都会成为基础信息，我们在其上生成智能。你不再搜索，而是直接提问，系统给出答案；不用在各种网站间翻找，AI 会为你生成答案。
**English / Original**
We recorded it in advance. We took a picture in advance. We wrote a story in advance. In the future, all of that is going to be foundational information that we generate intelligence on top of. Instead of search, you simply ask a query. You have a question and it gives you answers. Instead of go use combing through all these different websites, the AI will generate the answer for you.
## 00:33:50
**中文**
因此未来是一种与过去根本不同的全新计算方式，我们需要更多计算机。几年前人们担心投资回报何时到来；现在我们知道 AI 有利可图。这就是 Anthropic 盈利增长如此强劲、如此迅速的原因。
**English / Original**
So this future is a whole new way of doing computing that's fundamentally different than the past. And we need a lot more computers. Now, the reason why why a couple of years ago, some of the concerns were when is the ROI coming? Yes. We now know that AI is profitable. It's the reason why Anthropic is growing so profitable, so profitably, and so incredibly fast.
## 00:34:13
**中文**
AI 既有用，所以我们用它编程；AI 又有利可图，所以人们想制造更多。OpenAI 想制造更多，因为这些编程智能体极其赚钱。它们为高薪工作完成有用任务，因此像我们这样的许多公司乐意每年支付数亿美元，使用这些 AI 服务来增强编程能力。
**English / Original**
AI is both useful. That's why we're using it for coding. AI is profitable. That's why they want to manufacture so much more. OpenAI wants to manufacture so much more because these coding agents are incredibly profitable. These coding agents are incredibly profitable. They're doing useful work for very high-paying jobs. And so many companies like ourselves are happy to pay hundreds of millions of dollars a year so that we can go use these AI services to help us augment our coding capability.
## 00:34:43
**中文**
我们生产力更高、创新更多、创造更多价值和更具生产力的增长，也更有利润，从而支付更多 AI。这一飞轮已经启动。我认为行业已到达关键关头、转折点：我们已有有用的 AI，因而有盈利的 AI，也因此想建设更多 AI。
**English / Original**
We become more productive, we innovate more, we create more good, we create more, more productive growth, and we become more profitable, which pays for more AI. So that flywheel has now started. And so I think we've, the the industry has now arrived at a very critical juncture and inflection point if your will, where we now have profitable AI because we have useful AI, and because of that, we want to build a lot more AI.
## 00:35:09
**中文**
关键在于：你把 token 定义为人工智能的基本单位。什么让你确信 token 会持续更有利润？Token 是所谓的嵌入表示，它嵌入知识和智能。这台机器生成的这个数、这个 token，并不是一个静态数字。
**English / Original**
Here's the crux. You've defined a token as the fundamental unit of artificial intelligence. What convinces you that a token is going to keep getting more profitable? The token is, what is called an embedding. It embeds knowledge, it embeds intelligence. And so that number, that token that's being generated by this machine is not a static number.
## 00:35:35
**中文**
它不像圆周率。这个数字编码的智能会不断变得更聪明。令人意外的是，那一个数字其实是一整串数字，数以万亿计；这些数字会随着时间变得越来越聪明，越聪明就越有用、越有价值。
**English / Original**
It's not like pi. That number encodes smarter and smarter intelligence over time. And so surprisingly, that single number not is a whole series of numbers, trillions and trillions of numbers. Those numbers are getting smarter and smarter over time. When they get smarter, over time, they become more useful, more useful, more valuable.
## 00:35:56
**中文**
它们越有价值，人们就越愿意付钱。我知道对大多数人来说，很难理解数字为何有价值；但这个 token、这些数字嵌入了智能，而智能一直在变得更聪明。历史上每次工业建设都出现过过度投资的泡沫。
**English / Original**
When they become more valuable, people will pay more for it. And so I know that for most people, the concept of numbers is hard to be valuable. But this token, these numbers embed intelligence, and the intelligence is getting smarter and smarter all the time. Every industrial build out in history has seen a bubble over investment.
## 00:36:19
**中文**
这一代的泡沫风险是什么？泡沫终会到来，但不是今天。现在仍处于建设初期。五年、十年后？未来五年很不可能。五到十年？是，未来五年很不可能；五到十年后再看。
**English / Original**
What is this generation's bubble danger? The bubble will come someday. It's just not today. You know, this is in the very beginning of the build out. And some day-, Five years, ten years? It's very unlikely in the next five years. 5 to 10? Yeah, it's very unlikely in the next five years. And, and we'll see about the 5 to 10 years.
## 00:36:41
**中文**
这取决于我们建设得多快。挑战在于，基础设施建设速度受物理条件限制。今天行业可以建得更快、跑得更快，但芯片、内存、土地、电力和建设数据中心的工人都不够。
**English / Original**
It's just depends on how fast we can build. Now the challenge of course, is that the rate at which we can build the infrastructure is limited by physical things. Today- the industry could build faster, it could run faster, but we don't have enough chips, we don't have enough memory. We don't have enough land, power. We don't have enough construction workers to build the data centers.
## 00:37:05
**中文**
我们在每个方向、每种方式上都受约束。这种约束是好事，它让系统不会过快，也给我们充足时间建设基础设施。一方面资本支出投资意愿很强；另一方面，由于各种约束，资本支出落地并转化为这类高产超级计算机、AI 工厂的能力被延迟了。
**English / Original**
We basically are constrained in every single direction, in every single way. That constraint is good. That constraint is what holds the system back. So that gives us plenty of time to go build out these infrastructure. And so on the one hand, there's a great desire to invest the CapEx. On the other hand, the ability for that CapEx to land and turn into productive supercomputers like this, into AI factories, that is delayed because of all these different constraints.
## 00:37:36
**中文**
因此我认为，供给超过需求的时点会被推迟一段时间。你会使用中国开源模型 Kimi 吗？当然，它很聪明。但仍要微调、保护和设置护栏，把它放进合适的护栏和沙盒，并在周围部署安全措施。
**English / Original**
And so I think it's going to push out, push out the time when demand exceeds or supply exceeds demand for some time. Would you use Kimi, the Chinese open source model? Of course it's smart. Of course it's smart. You still have to make sure that that you fine tune it, you safeguard it, you guardrail it, you put it inside the appropriate guardrails and the appropriate sandboxes and put security around it.
## 00:38:05
**中文**
还要给它访问控制。这就像所有软件一样：我们一直从开源下载软件。历史上最重要的开源软件之一是操作系统，它控制计算机；从字面上说，操作系统今天控制着人类，是整个世界数字系统周围的控制织网。
**English / Original**
Give it access control. Just like all software, you know, we download software from Open Source all the time. Open Source is one of the most important pieces of software in history is called the operating system. It controls the computer. It literally operating system controls humanity today. It's the control fabric around the whole world's digital systems.
## 00:38:28
**中文**
它是开源的，基于 Linux。数以百万计的人可以研究、审查和测试它，确保它足够坚固。因此我们能信任它。开源是加固、信任我们底层基础设施的绝佳方式。我们确实需要开放模型。
**English / Original**
It is open source, is based on Linux. It has the opportunity for millions and millions of people to study it, to interrogate it, to test it, to make sure that it's hardened. As a result, we can trust it. And so Open Source is a fantastic way for us to harden, for us to trust the infrastructure below us. We really need to have open source models.
## 00:38:51
**中文**
它对社会和行业至关重要，也是最安全、最可靠的前进方式。因此 Kimi 很出色很棒，美国、欧洲、中国、日本也都有开放模型。
**English / Original**
It's essential for society, it's essential for industry, and it's also the safest and the most secure way to go forward. And so so I think it's fantastic that Kimi is great and it's fantastic that there's American open source models, there's European open source models. There are also Chinese open source models, Japanese open source models.
## 00:39:10
**中文**
我刚去过日本，那里还有印度的开放模型，我正与其中许多团队合作。今后各地都会有开放模型，而这种开放非常好，有利于安全、安保和国家安全。可以说你是最受爱戴的 AI CEO，亚洲有人排队找你签名。
**English / Original**
I was just in Japan. There are Indian open source models. I'm working with many of them there. And so there's going to be open source models from all over the place. And that openness is fantastic and great for safety, great for security, great for national security. You're arguably the most beloved AI CEO. People line up for your autograph when you're in Asia.
## 00:39:31
**中文**
狗仔队跟着你的车，人们想让你在衣服上签名。为何亚洲与这里对 AI 的看法如此不同？我想，或许因为末日论者花太多时间推演这些科幻结果，可能让他们显得聪明。你是在说某些 AI CEO 吗？我认为领导者应谨慎对待这件事。
**English / Original**
Paparazzi follows your car. People want you to sign their clothing. Why is the view of AI so different in Asia than here? I think. I think maybe because the doomers spend too much time theorizing about these science fiction outcomes, maybe it makes them sound smart. And are you talking about some AI CEOs? Well, you know, I think leaders ought to be thoughtful about doing this.
## 00:40:03
**中文**
如果你想警告世界这项技术的惊人能力，我认为目的已经达到了。我们应把时间投入到如何让技术安全上；作为技术领导者，这正是我们的责任，而不是不断告诉所有人 AI 必须安全。
**English / Original**
Listen, if you want to warn the world about the the incredible capabilities of this technology, I think it's been achieved. We should dedicate our time. And of course, how do we make the technology safe? That's our responsibility as the technology leaders, you know, telling everybody that the AI technology has to be safe.
## 00:40:24
**中文**
你只是在提醒自己必须让它安全。因此我们要确保它安全，让人们理解它的能力，以可靠、安全、可用、聪明的方式推进和使用它。这是我们的责任。所以首先，警告已被充分听到。
**English / Original**
You're just reminding yourself you have to make it safe. So we have to make sure that it's safe. We have to make sure that people understand the capabilities of this technology. We have to advance it in a way that's secure, safe working, functionally used in using smart ways. It's our responsibility to do that. And so so I think that, that first of all, the warning is, is well heated.
## 00:40:47
**中文**
也要让监管者和政策制定者理解这项技术的本质。与此同时，我们希望鼓励美国人民使用这项技术。我们引领上一次工业革命，不是因为发明了所有技术，而是因为我们以如此热情地应用它们，才造就美国的领先。
**English / Original**
And make sure that that regulators and policymakers are able to understand the nature of this technology. On the one hand. On the other hand, we want to encourage the American people to use this technology. We lead this industrial revolution not because we invented all the technology, but because we applied it with such enthusiasm that this industrial revolution led to the United States.
## 00:41:18
**中文**
我们必须以极大热情应用这项技术，尤其在医疗领域。约翰斯·霍普金斯的一位医生刚写道，AI 正帮助更快推进癌症发现。我们知道它为放射学所做的贡献，也知道它对软件工程的作用；软件工程如今是智能、自动化和生产力的基本引擎。
**English / Original**
We need to make sure that we apply this technology with great enthusiasm and healthcare, which we know. Doctor, a doctor in a John Hopkins just wrote that AI technology is helping advance discovery of cancer a lot more quickly. We know that what it's done for radiology, we know what it's doing for software engineering. And software engineering is the fundamental engine of intelligence today and fundamental engine of automation and productivity today.
## 00:41:45
**中文**
我们知道 AI 正帮助我们做的各种好事。它帮助推进气候科学、加深对气候的理解；借助 AI，我们能升级国家电网，也能在没有政府补贴的情况下投资可持续能源。
**English / Original**
And so we know all of the things that AI is helping us do. That's incredibly for good. We know what it's able to do in helping us advance climate science and understand the climate better. Because of AI, we're able to upgrade our national power grid. Because of AI, we're able to invest in sustainable energy without government subsidies.
## 00:42:06
**中文**
这一切都源于这个行业。因此我们应更加热情。要让美国认识到：我们被甩在后面的唯一方式，就是不应用技术。别纠结谁贡献或发明技术；不应用它，才会让我们落后。
**English / Original**
All of this is because of this particular industry. And so I think that we ought to be much more enthusiastic about it. Help the help United States realize that the only way we get left behind, the only way we get left behind, is if we don't apply the technology. Forget who contributes and invents the technology. The fact that we don't apply it, that's how we're going to get left behind.
## 00:42:31
**中文**
因此让我们提醒自己，我们如何在现代工业革命中成为今天的美国，并以完全同样的热情、精神和美国精神来引领下一场革命。部分对 AI 的激烈反对甚至已变为暴力。你如何看待自己的安全问题？
**English / Original**
And so let's make sure that we remind ourselves of how we became United States in this modern industrial revolution and that we apply exactly the same enthusiasm, the same spirit, the same American spirit, so that we can lead the next one. Some of this burning opposition to AI has even turned violent. How are you starting to think about your own safety and security?
## 00:42:57
**中文**
我处在安全的地方，不觉得自己受到威胁。我认为最重要的是安全地推进技术，让它为社会作贡献，始终考虑他人的利益，并确保以广泛帮助社会和产业的方式发展这项技术。
**English / Original**
I'm in a safe place. I don't feel endangered. And I think that that mostly I think you you have to advance the technology safely, make it a contribution to society. Always think about, always think about other people's interest and and make sure that we develop this technology in a way that helps broadly society and industry.
## 00:43:29
**中文**
我喜欢提醒人们的一点是：在我们发明过的所有技术中，这项技术比任何其他技术都更能缩小技术鸿沟，而且可以证明。这是历史上第一项人人都能使用的伟大技术，这也是如此多人使用 ChatGPT 的原因。
**English / Original**
Now, one of the things that I like to remind people is that that of all of the technologies we've ever invented, this one closes the technology divide more than any other, and you can prove it. You know, this is the first technology and the first amazing technology in history where anybody can use it. It is the reason why so many people have used ChatGPT.
## 00:43:51
**中文**
如果你不会用 AI，就告诉 AI：我不会用 AI，教我怎么用，它就会教你。“改进我的提示词。”对，无论是什么。完全正确。无论你能想象什么、梦想什么、想在哪方面变得更好，只要告诉 AI，给它机会带你踏上一段旅程。
**English / Original**
It is if you don't know how to use AI, go up to tell AI. I don't know how to useAI, teach me how to use AI and so AI will teach you. Improve my prompt. Yeah, whatever it is, improve my prompt. Exactly. And so whatever you imagine, whatever you dreamed, whatever you want to be better at, just tell AI and give it a chance to take you along a journey.
## 00:44:11
**中文**
天哪，我每天都用 AI 增长知识、解决问题、理解超出自己专业领域的事物。AI 一直是我的好教练、好顾问和好导师，我认为人人都应如此。但社会上仍有一种敌对的全国情绪。
**English / Original**
And and goodness, I use AI every day to advance my knowledge and help me solve problems and help me understand things that you know that that are outside of my domain of expertise. And so AI has been a great coach and great advisor and, you know, great tutor to me. I think it should be for everybody. And yet there is this hostile national mood.
## 00:44:34
**中文**
你有多担心下一位民主党总统候选人会是反 AI 的社会主义者？我们需要帮助人们理解 AI 是什么、能做什么。首先要提醒每个人：AI 正创造大量工作，而非夺走工作。若我们讲 AI 摧毁工作的故事，人们当然会焦虑。
**English / Original**
How worried are you that the next Democratic presidential candidate will be in anti-AI Socialist? We need to help people understand what AI is and what AI can do. The first thing I would remind everybody is AI is creating an enormous number of jobs, not taking it away. When we tell stories about AI destroying jobs, of course people are going to be anxious.
## 00:44:57
**中文**
没有人会说：你知道我最想要什么吗？投资一种会毁掉工作的东西。没人想这样。因此我认为叙事错了，话语错了且有害；谈论这些的人从根本上搞错了。也就是说，行业需要讲一个不同、更好且一致的故事。
**English / Original**
Nobody says, nobody says, you know what I want more than anything? I want to invest in something that would destroy jobs. Nobody wants that. And so I think the narrative is wrong. The rhetoric is wrong and hurtful. I think that the people who are talking about this, in fact got it fundamentally wrong, you know. So that you're saying the industry needs to tell a different and better consistent story.
## 00:45:24
**中文**
对，但这不只是故事，而是基本事实。只要告诉人们事实：我们正在创造数百万工作。因此行业需要更多且以不同方式谈现实。没错，别编造叙事，别编造故事。所谓将出现奇点，就是编造的。
**English / Original**
Yeah, exactly. But it's not just a story. It's ground truth. Just tell people the facts. The facts are we're creating millions of jobs. So the industry needs to talk more and differently about the reality. That's right. Don't create a narrative. Don't create a story that is made up. It is made up that there's going to be a singularity.
## 00:45:44
**中文**
所谓我们生活在模拟中也是编造的，都是虚构。我觉得这类故事很有趣，不介意听，甚至喜欢听很多领导者和朋友讲这种叙事；但我们都必须有思考、保持谨慎。也就是说，你认为他们在错误地吓唬人。对。
**English / Original**
It's made up that somehow we're living in a simulation. These are all made ups. You know, I think it's fun story. I don't mind listening to it. And I even enjoy enjoying the narrative, you know, when it's told by some many of those leaders and my friends. And, but we just all have to be thoughtful and careful. So you're scaring people and wrongly. Yeah.
## 00:46:06
**中文**
除工作外，你谈到技术令人毛骨悚然的一面，并说有办法对此免疫。没错，因为那些都是编造的，是科幻、是好莱坞，并不真实。最接近真实 AI 的是 R2-D2 和 C-3PO；谁会不想要 R2-D2 和 C-3PO 呢？
**English / Original**
Separately from jobs, you're talking about the sort of creepy elements of the technology, and you're saying there's a way to inoculate against that. That's right. Because they're just made up they’re science fiction. They're Hollywood. It's not true. It's not true. The closest thing, to true AI is R2-D2 and C-3PO. And who doesn't want R2-D2 and C-3PO?
## 00:46:29
**中文**
你与特朗普总统建立了亲密关系，会发短信，他回应很快。和总统这样沟通是什么感觉？他很聪明，什么都记得。天哪，他确实懂数字。他是唯一记得 H20、H200 和英伟达 Blackwell 的总统，也知道我们的下一代产品。
**English / Original**
You've developed a warm relationship with President Trump. You text. He's very responsive. What's it like to communicate with the president like that? He's smart. He remembers everything. Goodness gracious. He sure knows numbers. And he's the only the only president that has ever remembered H20, H200. NVIDIA’s Blackwell. He knows our next generation.
## 00:46:53
**中文**
Rubin。他记忆力惊人。我们正坐在一座新工厂里。第一次见他时，他说想恢复美国制造能力，让美国重新工业化，建立安全、有韧性的供应链，并把半导体制造带回美国。
**English / Original**
Rubin. He has just an amazing memory. And we're sitting here in a new factory on the first. The first time I met him, he said he wants to restore the manufacturing capacity of the United States. He wants United States to be a to be re-industrialized. He wants a secure and resilient supply chain. He wants to move semiconductor manufacturing back to the United States.
## 00:47:20
**中文**
我们所在的这座得州沃思堡工厂，正是我与特朗普总统第一次对话的直接成果。他一心创造工作，一心重塑美国经济和劳动力队伍。这贯穿我与他的每一次对话。
**English / Original**
Literally. We're sitting in a plant that is a direct result of the first conversation I had with President Trump. This was in Fort Worth, Texas. We're in Fort Worth, Texas. And it is it is He is single-mindedly about creating jobs. He single mindedly about reshaping the American economy and the labor workforce. He was in every single conversation I ever had with him.
## 00:47:47
**中文**
他始终专注于此，始终专注于让美国经济繁荣，因为他知道美国富裕，才会有最强大的军队，毕竟军队需要资金。因此让美国拥有有活力的生态系统、繁荣经济和富裕国家，是成为最安全国家的基础。
**English / Original**
He single mindedly about that, he single mindedly about making sure that the United States economy is thriving because he knows that if America's rich America will have the mightiest military because you got to fund it somehow. And so having having United States have a vibrant ecosystem, vibrant economy, a rich nation, it's foundational to the safest nation.
## 00:48:10
**中文**
他对此理解得很清楚，而且非常专注，确实鼓舞人心。政府在 AI 上有什么做错的地方？我认为监管技术时需要思考监管的意外后果。我们不该把 AI 想成百米短跑。
**English / Original**
And so he understands he understands that very clearly. And he's just so single-mindedly about it. It's really inspiring. What does the administration get wrong on AI? I, I think that that regulation of the technology needs, needs to think about the unintended consequences of regulation. We need to think about think about AI, not in the context of some kind of a foot race in a 100 meter dash.
## 00:48:47
**中文**
谁先跑完百米、谁就永远获胜的叙事是无稽之谈。你说的是美中竞争？没错，完全是无稽之谈。这些编出来的故事很吓人。在华盛顿，它吓到哪里了？白宫？它在吓政策制定者。
**English / Original**
The narrative that whoever gets to the 100 meter dash, whoever wins that wins it forever- is nonsense. The idea that- And here you're talking about the US and China. That's right. It's complete nonsense. All of those stories being made up is scary. In Washington, D.C.. Where do you think it's carrying the white House? It's scary to well, it's scaring policymakers.
## 00:49:10
**中文**
之所以如此，是因为有些公司希望政府制定对它们有利的监管。我认为我们应竞争、公开竞争。我们应认识到这是一项非常重要的技术，而最终的成功、最终的胜利——
**English / Original**
And and there's a reason for that because some of the companies hope that the government would be helpful in creating regulations in that they're at vantage. I think that we ought to compete. I think we ought to openly compete. We we ought to recognize that this is very important technology and the ultimate success, the win.
## 00:49:31
**中文**
最终胜利是社会使用它，是行业使用它，与谁发明它无关。我们没有发明电力，也没有发明促成今天工业革命的大多数技术；但美国比任何国家都更快、更热情、更有独创性地应用它们，从而造就了今天的美国。
**English / Original**
The ultimate win is when society uses it. The ultimate win is when industry uses it, has nothing to do with who invents it. We didn't invent electricity. We didn't invent most of the technology. We didn't invent manufacturing. We didn't invent most of the technology. That's led to today's industrial revolution. And yet the United States applied it faster, more enthusiastically, with more ingenuity than any other country it led to, led to the United States of today.
## 00:50:00
**中文**
我们应让美国精神蓬勃发展，让美国工业奔跑。当然，必须谨慎监管并确保技术安全；但以为会有唯一赢家，谁在 17 天后越过终点线谁就赢，这完全是无稽之谈。
**English / Original**
I think we ought to let the American spirit thrive. We ought to let the American industry run. And, of course, we have to be mindful about regulation and make sure that the technology is safe. But to think that there's going to be one winner and whoever crosses a finish line, you know, 17 days from now, that's complete nonsense.
## 00:50:19
**中文**
这完全是编造的。轻松一点的问题：总统内阁中谁聪明、适合共同建设未来？我喜欢与他们每一个人合作。苏茜很出色——幕僚长苏茜·怀尔斯；贝森特部长、卢特尼克部长，都是很出色的人。他们都致力于特朗普总统，并希望他的任期成功。
**English / Original**
That's completely made up. Fun question. Who's someone in the president's cabinet that's smart and good to work with on building the future? I love working with every one of them. Susie's incredible. Susie Wiles, the Chief of Staff. Yep. Secretary Bessent, Secretary Lutnick. These are incredible people. And and they dedicate they dedicate themselves to President Trump and they want to see his presidency success.
## 00:50:44
**中文**
我们也都希望如此。他是我的总统，我希望我的总统成功，国家才能成功。显然有迹象表明政府正变得更严格，正朝那个方向走。你担心吗？当然。我想向政府和总统提出一点警示。
**English / Original**
And we all do. You know, he's my president. And, and I want my I want my president to be successful so that our country could be successful. They're definitely are signs that they're getting more restrictive. We're looking at heading that way. Are you worried about that? Sure. And I would just add a caution. And this is to the administration, to the president.
## 00:51:08
**中文**
也向所有政策制定者提醒：在听所有夸张说法、所有故事，或构想某种根本不真实的人工智能未来之前，要先立足事实。那些都是科幻。技术非常重要，当然也很强大。
**English / Original**
And any policymaker, all policymakers, before you listen to all the rhetoric, before you listen to all the stories, before you manifest some kind of artificial intelligence future, that is just not true. It is now grounded in fact. It's completely science fiction. The technology is very important. Of course, the technology is powerful.
## 00:51:28
**中文**
我是世界上制造这项技术的人之一。所谓它有意识的说法，都是编造，完全无稽之谈。听起来你基本担心政府会相信这些并过度纠正。对，会过度纠正。因为他们相信这些叙事，我认为他们应多与人交流，多听 CEO、多听科学家。
**English / Original**
I'm one of the people in the world that builds the technology. You know, the idea that somehow has consciousness, that's all made up. It's all complete nonsense. And it sounds like you're basically afraid the administration is going to fall for it. Over-correct. Over-correct. Because they fall for these narratives, I think that they ought to be sure to talk to more people, talk to many CEOs, talk to many scientists.
## 00:51:54
**中文**
不要只听一两个人，也不要作出条件反射式反应。明天并不是某个迫在眉睫、必须立即决定的日子。要了解得更多，慢慢来。当然，要审慎、专注、有目标，但也要知情，并给自己——
**English / Original**
Don't talk to 1 or 2. Don't make a don't don't make a knee jerk reaction. Tomorrow is not the tomorrow is not some impending, you know, imminent, you know, day that you have to make a decision, be more informed, take your time. Of course. Be deliberate. Of course. Be focused, of course, be purposeful and but be informed and give.
## 00:52:18
**中文**
给自己很多机会与人交谈。特朗普总统提出过政府持有领先 AI 公司股份的想法。你经营全球最有价值的公司之一；若特朗普总统打电话要股权，你会怎么说？没有必要。
**English / Original**
Give yourself lots of opportunities to talk to people. President Trump has floated the idea of the government taking stakes in leading AI companies. You're one of the most valuable. You run one of the most valuable companies on earth. If President Trump called you and asked you for an equity stake, what would you say? It's unnecessary.
## 00:52:37
**中文**
美国已经持有英伟达的权益，持有我们成功的极佳权益。我们去年缴了价值 100 亿美元的税，今年会缴更多税。我们创造大量工作，也创造大量税收。美国公司越成功、越富有——
**English / Original**
The United States has an equity stake in NVIDIA. It has a, it has a fantastic stake in our success. We paid $10 billion with worth of taxes last year. And and we're going to pay a lot more taxes this year. And we create lots of jobs and they created lots of taxes. And I think that that the more successful American companies are, the richer these companies are.
## 00:53:05
**中文**
就产生更多税收、创造更多工作，所有美国人都受益。别忘了，如今大多数美国人都投资股市；股市上涨，人人受益。美国已经在所有这些伟大的美国公司中持有权益。我们只需确保它们继续繁荣、继续成功。
**English / Original**
Generate more taxes, create more jobs, all Americans benefit. And don't forget, most Americans today are in the stock market. And when the stock market is up, everybody benefits. And so the United States already has a stake in all of these American, great American companies. We just want to make sure that they continue to thrive and be successful.
## 00:53:24
**中文**
所以你会排除这个可能吗？我目前不建议这样做，没必要。你认为我们已准备好让 Anthropic 强大的 Claude Mythos 面向所有人吗？系统是否足够加固？它绝对应该向所有人提供。确保加固是他们的责任。不是只——也就是说，所有用户，而不只是现在的选定机构？
**English / Original**
So you would rule it out? I wouldn't advise it now. It's unnecessary. Do you think we're ready for Anthropic’s powerful Claude Mythos to be available to everyone? Are systems sufficiently hardened? It should absolutely be available to everyone. They, it's their responsibility. Make sure that it's hardened. No soft- So you're saying all users, not just a selected institutions as it is now?
## 00:53:52
**中文**
没错。他们必须让人们使用，这是他们的工作：让技术坚固、安全、可靠；软件中无论有什么越狱或漏洞，一发现就应修复。这就是软件的本性。看看发生的事。
**English / Original**
That's correct. Yeah. They had to make it available for people and it's their job to make the technology hardened and safe and secure and whatever, whatever, whatever jail breaks or whatever vulnerabilities there are in the software, as soon as they find it, they ought to fix it. That's the nature of software. And look, look what happened.
## 00:54:13
**中文**
它不知怎么被发布了，有了越狱，能做一些他们原本想用护栏禁止的事。但一切都很好；你我正在这里交谈。我不是鼓励这种事，但公司的工作就是识别漏洞并尽快修补。
**English / Original**
It was released somehow. It was a jailbreak and it was able to do things that that maybe they were trying to guardrail it for not to do. But everything was fine. You and I are here having a conversation and. And not that. Not that I'm encouraging it, but that's the job of companies that are supposed to identify vulnerabilities and patch it up as quickly as possible.
## 00:54:37
**中文**
所以这是向白宫和 Anthropic 传达的信息：你认为 Mythos 应面向所有人。Mythos 应作为服务提供。对。而且请记住，即使 Mythos 不可用，开放模型无论如何也可用。因此让 Anthropic 放手去做，让他们继续推进自己创造的技术，让尽可能多的公司使用，我们都能从中受益。限制 Anthropic 不符合美国利益，让他们跑起来。
**English / Original**
So this is a message to both the white House and to Anthropic that you think that Mythos should be available to all. Mythos should be available as a service. Yeah. And and remember, just because Mythos is not available, open models are available anyhow. And so so I think that let Anthropic run let them continue to advance the technology that they created, let it be put in the hands of as many companies as possible, so we can all use it and benefit from it. And, you know, holding, holding Anthropic back is not not in the benefit of the United States and let them run.
## 00:55:14
**中文**
开源模型公司是否应被允许违反服务条款蒸馏闭源模型，然后在竞争市场转售能力极强的开放模型？这取决于服务的条款和条件。如果服务提供商不满某家公司利用或钻协议、许可条款的空子，应联系那家公司。
**English / Original**
Should open source model companies be allowed to distill closed models in violation of terms of service agreements, then resell their highly capable open source models in the competitive marketplace? It depends on the terms and conditions of the service and if if the service provider is unhappy about some company taking advantage of exploiting the terms of of their agreement and their license, they ought to reach out to that company.
## 00:55:41
**中文**
今天有很多处理方式，有许多利用法律和监管的传统方法。但蒸馏、从 AI 或其他知识来源学习，是智能的基础。我们一直在向他人学习；我从你和你的提问中学习，你也从我这里学习。
**English / Original**
And there's there are many ways to deal with that today. You know, we have a lot of conventional ways using laws and regulations to do so. However, distillation, learning from AI, learning from other, other sources of knowledge is fundamental to intelligence. We're constantly learning from other people. I'm learning from you and just the questions you're asking and you're learning from me.
## 00:56:05
**中文**
我们整天都在互相学习，AI 也必须从某些事物学习。最初的 AI，无论是谁的，无论是闭源模型，显然都抓取了互联网中已有的知识。现在 AI 产生的内容已多于人类；再过几年，互联网 99% 的内容会由 AI 生成，而这些内容又是某个 AI 生成的。
**English / Original**
And all day long we're learning from each other. And so AI has to learn from something. And so the original AI, no matter who’s it is, whether it's a closed model, it obviously scraped the internet of all of the previously learned knowledge. And now AI is generating more content than humans. You know, in another few more years, the internet would be 99% AI generated content, and that content is generated by some AI.
## 00:56:31
**中文**
所以你无论如何都在不断蒸馏其他 AI 的智能。AI 能学习是好事；我们希望 AI 聪明，希望每个 AI 都聪明，而聪明的 AI 更安全。因此重要的是分开看这两件事：AI 是否应尽可能从尽可能多的知识源学习？
**English / Original**
And so you're constantly distilling the intelligence of some other AI's anyways. And so the idea that that AI can learn, that's a good thing. We want AI’s to be smart. We want every AI to be smart, and a smart AI is a safer AI. And so so I think the, the, the important thing is to, to split these two ideas. Should AI's be able to learn as much as they possibly can from many sources of knowledge as they can?
## 00:57:03
**中文**
答案是应当。AI 能侵犯隐私吗？不能。AI 能违反协议条款吗？不能。如果有人违反协议条款，就联系那家公司，处理此事。你在以色列有很多员工。你如何在战争背景下看待中东 AI 建设？首先，我担心我在以色列的员工家庭。
**English / Original**
The answer is yes. Can AI violate privacy? No. Can AI violate terms of an agreement? The answer is no. And if somebody violates a term of agreement, contact that company. Take care of it. You have a lot of employees in Israel. How do you think about the Middle East AI build out in the context of the war? Well, first of all, I'm concerned about my families in Israel.
## 00:57:27
**中文**
我在那里有 6500 个家庭，他们已身处冲突中一段时间。我很高兴他们安好，也希望他们继续安好，并期待冲突结束。阿联酋正在中东和 AI 领域投资，我认为这很棒。你仍看好阿联酋成为 AI 巨头吗？
**English / Original**
I have 6500 families there, and they've been in the middle of conflict for some time now. And and I'm happy that they're well, I wish them to be continued to be well. And I look forward to when the conflict ends. I the the UAE is investing in the Middle, in the Middle East and AI. I think that's terrific. Are you still bullish on the UAE's a giant AI player?
## 00:57:55
**中文**
是的。他们有一天成为 AI 枢纽的愿景。依托石油和能源这些自然资源，他们有机会将自己重塑为 AI 枢纽。我为他们感到骄傲，也很高兴他们对此感兴趣、拥有这样的愿景。阿联酋已经非常现代化。
**English / Original**
Yeah, they have a vision to be an AI hub someday and building upon their natural resources of, of oil and energy, they have the opportunity to reinvent themselves into an AI hub. I'm proud of them. I'm delighted that they're interested in this. I'm delighted by their vision. I- you know, the UAE is already so modernized.
## 00:58:17
**中文**
那里是聪明人前往并蓬勃发展的地方，正在建设新公司和新创新。这会成为他们下一项产业实力来源，我期待如此，对他们很棒。我快要掉到地板下面了，想尊重你的时间。或许问一个工作问题，再问几个生活经验问题。
**English / Original**
It's a place where smart people go and they're thriving. They're building new, new companies and new innovation. This is going to be their next, next source of industrial strength. And I'm looking forward to that. It's great for them. I'm about to fall through the floor. I want to be respectful of your time. Might ask you one question about jobs and then a couple questions about life lessons.
## 00:58:41
**中文**
可以吗？我时间多得很。你太客气了。我会问这个，因为我知道这是你的理念之一。你经营全球最有价值的公司之一，有五万名员工。你说十年后可能有七万五千人，原则是“尽可能小”。你说其他许多科技巨头员工达六位数。
**English / Original**
Is that okay with you? I got all the time in the world. Very kind of you. I'm going to ask you about that, because I know that is one of your theories. You're one of the most valuable companies in the world, and you have 50,000 employees. You've said in ten years you may have 75,000. Quote, “as small as possible.” You said many of the other tech giants are in six figures.
## 00:59:03
**中文**
你怎么做到？这是一种战略。战略意味着尽可能有效地运用资源。目标是用有限资源实现未来愿景，并明智使用资源。因此我的部分工作是保持战略性，审慎而尽可能精准地配置资源以实现愿景，并用财务语言说，最大化投入资本回报。
**English / Original**
How do you do that? A strategy. Strategy involves utilizing your resources as efficiently as possible. You know, your goal is to realize a future vision with the limited resources that you have and to use that resource wisely. And so part of my job is to be strategic, to be mindful about the resources that I have to apply them in precisely, you know, as well as possible way to realize that vision and maximize the return on investment capital, if you will, in the speaking in financial terms.
## 00:59:39
**中文**
但实质是以任何现有资源取得最大影响，这就是 CEO 的基本职责。如你之前所说，我 30 岁创办公司，做这份工作可能比科技史上任何 CEO 都久，所以我有练习带来的好处。
**English / Original**
But it's really about getting the most impact for whatever resources that you have. That is the fundamental job of a CEO. And so, you know, I have the benefit of starting this company when I was 30 years old, as you mentioned earlier. And, and I've been doing this job probably longer than any CEO in tech history. And so I have the benefit of practice.
## 00:59:59
**中文**
随着时间推移，这成了我的手艺，也可以说是我的功夫，这就是你必须做的事。每场工业革命都有某些任务和工作被自动化，即使净增工作更多。像其他工业革命一样，哪些工作和任务会消失？
**English / Original**
And so over time, I've, you know, this is my craft, if you will. This is my kung fu, you know, and and so I, that's what you got to do. In every industrial revolution, some tasks and some jobs become automated, even if more net jobs are created. What are the jobs and tasks that will go away like in any other industrial revolution?
## 01:00:23
**中文**
如果你的工作就是某个任务，那么该任务自动化后，你的工作很可能会消失或改变。例如客服呼叫中心，这是很可能高度自动化的任务。不过，对现在处理实际电话的所有 AI 进行管理、协调、改进和评估，很可能仍以人为主。
**English / Original**
If your task- if your job is the task, if your job is the task, then it's very likely that when that task is automated, your job will be eliminated or changed. And so, for example, customer service call centers, that's a that is a task that is very likely to be highly automated. However, the management, the coordination, the improvement, the evaluation of all of the AIs that are now handling the actual calls itself will likely continue to be a human-oriented task.
## 01:01:05
**中文**
要记住，一份工作有其目的，而目的包含许多任务。我最喜欢的例子是放射学：放射科医生的任务是研读扫描图像，但其目的是终结人类痛苦，帮助人们理解疾病，并与其他医生合作识别疾病。
**English / Original**
And so just remember that a job has a purpose which includes many tasks. And so one of my favorite examples is the original example about radiology. Radiologists have a task of studying scans, but the purpose is to end human suffering, is to help people understand their disease, to help collaborate with other doctors to help identify the disease.
## 01:01:35
**中文**
任务自动化后，目的并不会改变。我常对刚入职场的人说：不要把任务误认为工作和机会本身。对，完全正确。看，今天 IT 和科技业的大多数人都坐在键盘前打字。
**English / Original**
And, and so the purpose doesn't change when the task has been automated. And something that I tell early-career people in my life is don't mistake your task for the job and the opportunity. That's right. Exactly. That's exactly right. Hey, look, today most of the people in IT, in technology sits in front of a keyboard typing.
## 01:01:57
**中文**
如果我们拍张照片，十年、二十年后再看，它会像我们看到的旧日办公室照片：人们坐在 IBM Selectric 打字机前。我们不再打字，打字不是工作。工作是解决问题、创新、发现影响力、创造价值。
**English / Original**
If we're to take a picture of this and look at it ten years, 20 years from now, it would look like back the pictures we see of back in the old days of offices with people sitting in front of IBM Selectrics typing. And so we don't type. Typing is not the job. Solving problems. Innovating. Discovering impact. Creating value.
## 01:02:24
**中文**
终结人类痛苦、带来快乐与愉悦。无论你的工作目的是什么，都不会因为不必再打字而从根本改变。不必再打字很好。你预计机器人何时迎来 ChatGPT 时刻，即普通人在日常生活中会使用并觉得它有用？
**English / Original**
Helping end human suffering. Bringing joy and delight. Whatever, whatever it is that your job purpose is doesn't fundamentally change because you don't have to type anymore. We don't have to type anymore. That's great. When do you expect the ChatGPT moment for robots? When they'll be used and useful in the everyday lives of ordinary people?
## 01:02:49
**中文**
2022 年的 ChatGPT 时刻，并不是 AI 变得有用的时刻；我们又等了四年。那一刻是我们发现它很有趣、会做令人惊讶之事的时候。如果以此衡量，机器人的 ChatGPT 时刻已经到来。你可以告诉机器人把苹果放进抽屉，它会推理必须执行的任务序列，包括先打开抽屉再放进去。
**English / Original**
The ChatGPT moment in 2022 was the moment that, was not the moment that AI was useful. We had to wait another four years. Chat GPT moment was when we saw that it was interesting, that it did something surprising. And so if that's the case, then the Chat GPT moment of robots has already arrived. You could tell a robot, you know, put the apple in the drawer and the robot will actually reason about what is the sequence of tasks that it has to do, including opening the drawer before it puts the apple in there. It will reason about that.
## 01:03:30
**中文**
当人们第一次看到机械机器人实际完成这件事，我认为会打开他们对机器人未来能力的想象。机器人的 ChatGPT 时刻已经到来。现在的问题是何时让它变得有用；若未来三到四年做到，我不会惊讶。
**English / Original**
And when somebody sees that for the first time, see a mechanical robot actually doing that, I think it opens their mind about what the future of robotics can do. I think that the ChatGPT moment of robots has already arrived. Now the question is when are we going to make it useful? And if we make it useful in the next 3 to 4 years, I would not be surprised.
## 01:03:52
**中文**
我们已进入 AI 的智能体时代，下一个 AI 时代会是什么？AI 的智能体时刻，能力已经在这里了；现在是让这种能力扩散。很快，之所以需要这么多计算机，是因为今天有十亿人使用计算机，而像现在你不说话时，我们大体没有在用计算机。
**English / Original**
We've moved into the agentic era of AI won't be the next era of AI? Well, the agent, the agentic moment of AI is the capability is now here. Now it's about the diffusion of the capability. Very soon, very soon the reason why we need so many more computers is because today we have a billion people using computers. And these computers we use like right now when you're not talking, we're largely not using our computer.
## 01:04:23
**中文**
计算机闲置着。我们有十亿人使用计算机，但地球上任一时刻可能只有一亿人同时在用，我说错了，是一亿人。未来我们将得到大量智能体的支持、增强和环绕，它们帮我们做事。
**English / Original**
The computer's unused. And so we have a billion people using computers. Maybe at any given point in time, only 1 billion people. Excuse me, 100 million people are using their computer at the same time around the Earth. Now, in the future, we will be supported by, augmented by, surrounded by with a whole bunch of agents who are helping us do things.
## 01:04:45
**中文**
这些智能体会一直使用计算机。智能体不会变成计算机，而是会使用计算机。因此我们将有一千亿、万亿个智能体全天运行：聪明的、没那么聪明的、专用的、超级的，各类智能体一直运行。
**English / Original**
And those agents are going to be using computers all the time. Agents are not going to become computers. Agents are going to use computers. And so these agents, we're going to have 100 billion, a trillion agents that are running all of the time, smart agents, lesser smart agents, specialized agents, super agents, all kinds of agents running all the time.
## 01:05:05
**中文**
因此所需计算机数量将大幅增长。最后快速聊聊人生经验，非常感谢你的慷慨和时间。我很享受，迈克，总是很高兴见你。我很感激，谢谢。彼此彼此。你是伟大的美国故事：出生于台湾，九岁被送到美国。
**English / Original**
And so the number of computers we need is going to grow tremendously. We'll finish with a rapid round on life lessons. And thank you very much for your generosity, for taking. I enjoyed it, Mike. It's always great to see you. I'm grateful. Thank you. Likewise. You're a great American story. Born in Taiwan, sent to the US at age nine.
## 01:05:21
**中文**
你似乎上了一所颇为艰苦的寄宿学校。你谈过曾被欺负，30 岁创办英伟达。你说伟大的关键是经历大量痛苦和磨难。你职业生涯中的哪些痛苦和磨难带来最大益处，或使你能创建并领导这家公司？
**English / Original**
Went to a pretty rough and tumble boarding school, it sounds like. You've talked about, you were bullied, started Nvidia at age 30. You said the key to greatness is plenty of pain and suffering. What is the pain and suffering in your career that resulted in the most benefit, or that has allowed you to create and lead this company?
## 01:05:44
**中文**
没有任何伟大运动员是碰巧伟大的。是在无人注视时大量练习，经历许多挫折和失败，经历许多痛苦与磨难。这才真正提升技艺和品格，给你信心和韧性，使你能应对极其困难的挑战。
**English / Original**
Nothing. No, no great athlete just happens to be a great athlete. It's a lot of practice when nobody's watching. A lot of setbacks, a lot of losing. I, you know, just a lot of pain and suffering and that that is really what elevates craft. It elevates character. It gives you confidence. It gives you resilience, allows you to handle very difficult challenges.
## 01:06:12
**中文**
这和运动员说进入状态或压力很大时仿佛时间变慢没有区别，我也有同感。压力和紧张达到最高时，我觉得时间慢了下来。原因来自练习。
**English / Original**
You know, it's no different than when when athletes say that somehow time slows down when you're in the middle of doing something when in the zone or when the pressure is high, I feel the same way. You know, when the stress is at this highest, when tension is at this highest, I kind of feel like time slows down. And the reason for that, it comes from practice.
## 01:06:40
**中文**
来自反复做一件事，学会管理自己的压力和注意力，并有信心知道自己能解决问题，以及身边有优秀的人。这些条件结合起来，才使你能把事情做到很高水平。
**English / Original**
It could just come from doing something over and over again, about managing your your own stress and managing your own focus and having the confidence to realize you can work it through, and being surrounded by amazing people. And so all of that is, is a combination of, you know, that condition that leads to you being would do something at a very high level.
## 01:07:02
**中文**
所以痛苦和磨难是必要的。你会对那个在海外、准备来到美国的九岁黄仁勋说什么？该期待什么，又该注意什么？美国是世界上最伟大的国家，句号。它伟大不是因为没有挑战或分歧；它就是世界上最伟大的国家。
**English / Original**
And so pain and suffering is necessary. What would you say to some nine year old Jenson, who's abroad, about coming to America? What to be excited about and what to watch out for? America is the greatest country in the world, full stop. And it's the greatest country in the world not because we don't have our challenges, not because we don't have our disagreements. It's our, it's the greatest country in the world.
## 01:07:27
**中文**
正是因为那些重大挑战和分歧。我们总能解决问题，通过开放讨论，通过充满活力、允许自由的制度——自由发声、自由创新、自由创业、自由合作——这个环境自然吸引优秀头脑。
**English / Original**
Because because of all those great challenges, because of all those disagreements. We somehow manage to work it through and and through open discourse, through a vibrant system that allows freedom, freedom to speak up, freedom to innovate, freedom to start something, freedom to collaborate and work with people. The environment naturally attracts amazing minds.
## 01:07:55
**中文**
它自然为创新者、企业家、杰出研究者和杰出头脑创造条件，也让任何有意愿的人都能过上好日子。你可以是建筑工、管道工、电工，也可以是科学家、创作者或艺术家，都能创造美好生活。
**English / Original**
It naturally creates a condition for innovators and entrepreneurs and great researchers and great minds. It creates the condition for anybody with desire to be able to make a great living. You could be a construction worker, a plumber, an electrician, you could be a scientist. You could create. You can be an artist. You could, you know, you could create a great living.
## 01:08:18
**中文**
我认为这是一个非凡国家。我建议世界各地每个聪明头脑都设法来到这里，我们需要你们。这个国家由移民建设，未来也需要优秀移民；他们会来到这里，加入已经在此的优秀头脑。
**English / Original**
And so I think that this is an extraordinary country. I advise every bright mind around the world to find your way here. We need you here. This country was built by immigrants. This country is going to need amazing immigrants in the future. And they're going to they're going to come here and join the amazing minds that are already here.
## 01:08:38
**中文**
我们有四亿优秀的人，欢迎未来最聪明、最出色的人来到这里。你不戴手表，此刻这或许是件好事。为什么？因为现在最重要。我拒绝让 Outlook 管理我的生活，也拒绝让手表管理我的生活。
**English / Original**
And so we have 400 million amazing people who welcome the brightest minds and the greatest people in the future to come here. You don't wear a watch. And at this moment, that's probably a good thing. Why? Because now is the most important time. I refuse to let outlook manage my my life, and I refuse to let a watch manage my life.
## 01:09:00
**中文**
如果我迟到了，会有人告诉我。与此同时，我百分之百在这里，所以当下最重要。一个轻松问题：你说除工作外，所有时间都与家人相处。请带我们过一遍不工作时的家庭周六。完美。周六我早起，和狗玩；不久 Laurie 去遛狗。
**English / Original**
If if I if I'm too late, somebody will let me know. In the meantime, I'm 100% here. And so now is the most important time. One fun thing. You've said that besides work, you spend all your time with your family. Take us through a Saturday with your family when you're not working. Perfect. Saturday. I wake up early and I play with the dogs and shortly after Laurie walks the dogs.
## 01:09:33
**中文**
我开始工作到午饭。我们吃一顿很棒的午餐，狗在睡觉。我们继续工作到晚饭，孩子们过来。我们一起做晚餐，一起吃饭，喝杯鸡尾酒，和狗玩。这就是完美的一天。如果每个周末都能如此。
**English / Original**
I start working and I work until lunch and we have a great lunch, the dogs are asleep. We work through, work through to dinner and the kids come over. We make dinner together. We're all together and join dinner, have a cocktail and play with the dogs. And that's a perfect day, you know. And so if I could have that day every weekend.
## 01:09:59
**中文**
结果每个周末都恰好如此：同一时间起床，和狗玩，希望见到家人，希望孩子们来。这就够了，这就是完美的一天。黄仁勋，感谢这场令人难忘、内容充实的对话。谢谢你，迈克，很高兴见到你。
**English / Original**
Well, as it turns out every weekend is exactly like that. Wake up at the same time, play with the dogs. Hope for, I hope to see the family. Hope to see the kids come over. You know? That's it. That's the perfect day. Jensen Huang, thanks for a memorable, meaty conversation. Thank you Mike, great to see you.